實驗(yan)臺、通風柜玻璃加工技(ji)巧

　　玻璃加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)是指將玻璃板材或管材，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)制作成(cheng)所需形獎與尺寸(cun)。其加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)可(ke)分為(wei)兩類，一(yi)(yi)類是冷(leng)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，主要(yao)是裁割、磨(mo)沙、磨(mo)平等(deng);另一(yi)(yi)類是熱(re)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，主要(yao)是吹制、折彎、熔接(jie)等(deng)。()

　　㈠玻璃材料(liao)的切割(ge)

　　1.平板(ban)玻璃(li)的切割

　　⑴直線(xian)(xian)切割(ge)(ge)：平板玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)直線(xian)(xian)切割(ge)(ge)最好(hao)是用(yong)(yong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。首先要(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)需切割(ge)(ge)的(de)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)上(shang)確定(ding)切割(ge)(ge)尺寸，并劃(hua)(hua)好(hao)標(biao)記。用(yong)(yong)直尺對齊劃(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)，因(yin)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)合金刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)尖(jian)與刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)頭邊緣(yuan)距離約(yue)2mm，所以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)下刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)時(shi)應將(jiang)直尺向線(xian)(xian)外退約(yue)2mm。切割(ge)(ge)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)時(shi)應右手(shou)(shou)(shou)持刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)側面(mian)(mian)(mian)靠在(zai)(zai)(zai)木尺上(shang)，使嵌刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)尖(jian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)與玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)保持水(shui)平，然后適當(dang)用(yong)(yong)力壓(ya)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)沿(yan)尺邊移(yi)動劃(hua)(hua)割(ge)(ge)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)留下一(yi)道均勻的(de)刻(ke)(ke)痕，并非將(jiang)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)割(ge)(ge)穿。而后用(yong)(yong)左手(shou)(shou)(shou)托起(qi)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)，用(yong)(yong)手(shou)(shou)(shou)鉗或玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)頭在(zai)(zai)(zai)刻(ke)(ke)線(xian)(xian)背面(mian)(mian)(mian)由下向上(shang)輕(qing)輕(qing)敲(qiao)擊，直到刻(ke)(ke)線(xian)(xian)端頭出現裂紋后，再以(yi)(yi)兩手(shou)(shou)(shou)拇(mu)指抵在(zai)(zai)(zai)刻(ke)(ke)線(xian)(xian)裂紋背面(mian)(mian)(mian)，其(qi)余手(shou)(shou)(shou)指在(zai)(zai)(zai)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)正面(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)(yong)力一(yi)拔，玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)即沿(yan)刻(ke)(ke)線(xian)(xian)斷開。如果是大塊玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)，也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)把(ba)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)移(yi)到工作臺的(de)邊沿(yan)，讓刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)劃(hua)(hua)出的(de)刻(ke)(ke)線(xian)(xian)對準臺邊緣(yuan)，左手(shou)(shou)(shou)壓(ya)住臺面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)部分(fen)，右手(shou)(shou)(shou)抓(zhua)住玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)另一(yi)邊用(yong)(yong)力向下一(yi)壓(ya)，玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)即可(ke)(ke)斷開。如果因(yin)操刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)不(bu)當(dang)，斷斷續續劃(hua)(hua)出刻(ke)(ke)線(xian)(xian)，或刻(ke)(ke)線(xian)(xian)太(tai)淺，用(yong)(yong)上(shang)述(shu)方法也不(bu)能(neng)把(ba)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)扳斷時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)背面(mian)(mian)(mian)沿(yan)線(xian)(xian)再劃(hua)(hua)，千萬不(bu)可(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)同(tong)一(yi)刻(ke)(ke)線(xian)(xian)上(shang)來回(hui)重復(fu)刻(ke)(ke)劃(hua)(hua)，以(yi)(yi)免(mian)毀壞玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。

　　⑵曲(qu)線(xian)切(qie)割：如果需(xu)要(yao)一塊邊(bian)緣是(shi)曲(qu)線(xian)或(huo)圓形(xing)玻璃(li)(li)，除了可(ke)用(yong)(yong)玻璃(li)(li)刀小心刻劃(hua)外，對3mm以(yi)下厚度的玻璃(li)(li)也可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)上述的方法先(xian)畫出(chu)所需(xu)要(yao)的刻痕(hen)，然后在一盆清水中用(yong)(yong)剪刀剪成所需(xu)形(xing)狀，剪好后再(zai)用(yong)(yong)細(xi)砂輪或(huo)磨(mo)石加水輕輕打磨(mo)，也可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)鐵(tie)砂布磨(mo)平。打磨(mo)時(shi)應注意切(qie)勿用(yong)(yong)力過猛或(huo)劃(hua)破(po)手指。

　　2.玻璃管的切割

　　⑴冷截法

　　對直徑(jing)在(zai)5-10mm以下(xia)的細(xi)玻璃(li)管(guan)(guan)、棒在(zai)切割時，首先要平放在(zai)桌(zhuo)子(zi)邊緣，用(yong)三角(jiao)銼(cuo)或(huo)刀形銼(cuo)、砂輪片的棱刃垂直緊(jin)壓在(zai)欲截斷處，用(yong)力(li)(li)向后拉(la)，轉(zhuan)動玻璃(li)管(guan)(guan)，沿銼(cuo)痕(hen)再銼(cuo)幾下(xia)，直至銼(cuo)痕(hen)長度達(da)到(dao)玻管(guan)(guan)(棒)周長的1/3或(huo)1/4后，拿起玻管(guan)(guan)(棒)，以兩(liang)手大拇指抵住銼(cuo)痕(hen)的背面，其余各指按住玻管(guan)(guan)，兩(liang)手同時稍(shao)用(yong)力(li)(li)往后扳即(ji)斷。截較粗(cu)玻璃(li)管(guan)(guan)時，管(guan)(guan)徑(jing)愈大，管(guan)(guan)壁(bi)愈厚，銼(cuo)痕(hen)應愈深。若在(zai)銼(cuo)痕(hen)上涂以唾(tuo)液(ye)，就容易折斷了;也可以采(cai)用(yong)熱截法(fa)進(jin)行切割。

　　⑵熱截法

　　電(dian)熱(re)截斷(duan)(duan)法(fa)(fa)：采用電(dian)熱(re)法(fa)(fa)截斷(duan)(duan)粗玻璃管(guan)(guan)時，先將要截斷(duan)(duan)處用銼刀銼一圈(quan)細(xi)痕(hen)，用電(dian)阻絲(si)沿(yan)細(xi)痕(hen)環繞一周，電(dian)阻絲(si)交(jiao)叉處用耐熱(re)絕緣材(cai)料隔(ge)開，切割方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)阻絲(si)可(ke)以從150W電(dian)爐絲(si)中(zhong)取出其中(zhong)一段，加熱(re)拉直而(er)成(cheng)。電(dian)阻絲(si)可(ke)由調壓(ya)器或低壓(ya)電(dian)源調成(cheng)很低電(dian)壓(ya)供電(dian)。待(dai)繞在玻管(guan)(guan)上的電(dian)阻絲(si)通電(dian)紅熱(re)一分鐘左右，用嘴往細(xi)痕(hen)處吹冷(leng)(leng)氣或滴(di)冷(leng)(leng)水，玻管(guan)(guan)就會沿(yan)細(xi)痕(hen)斷(duan)(duan)開。

　　點料熱爆法(fa)：此法(fa)適用(yong)(yong)于截斷(duan)粗(cu)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)管(guan)或靠近管(guan)端(duan)部分(fen)的截斷(duan)。其操作(zuo)方法(fa)是：在玻(bo)(bo)管(guan)需要(yao)截斷(duan)的地方用(yong)(yong)銼(cuo)(cuo)刀銼(cuo)(cuo)一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)細痕(hen)，用(yong)(yong)毛筆醮水沾(zhan)濕細痕(hen)，再(zai)取一(yi)(yi)段直徑4--5mm的玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)棒(bang)，一(yi)(yi)端(duan)在火焰中(zhong)熔燒成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)熔融圓珠狀，迅速壓觸在銼(cuo)(cuo)痕(hen)的一(yi)(yi)端(duan)，待熔球硬化(hua)并聽見爆裂(lie)聲(sheng)，即(ji)迅速用(yong)(yong)嘴吹氣(qi)使之驟冷(leng)，玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)管(guan)則(ze)可(ke)爆裂(lie)。

　　火焰切割法：在(zai)要截斷處銼(cuo)一圈細(xi)痕，在(zai)細(xi)痕的(de)兩邊(bian)分別裹上幾(ji)層(ceng)濾紙(zhi)，兩邊(bian)濾紙(zhi)間(jian)要相距2--3mm，把濾紙(zhi)用(yong)水潤(run)濕，然(ran)后用(yong)噴燈(deng)火焰加熱細(xi)痕處。

　　3.玻璃瓶的切割

　　用以上(shang)各(ge)種方(fang)法截斷(duan)的(de)玻璃(li)管(guan)的(de)管(guan)口(kou)都很鋒利，易劃破皮膚，所(suo)以玻管(guan)斷(duan)開后要做一下處(chu)理(li)，一是(shi)可(ke)放在酒精燈上(shang)燒融至平(ping)滑;二(er)是(shi)可(ke)用細砂(sha)布或(huo)磨(mo)石磨(mo)平(ping)。